Estonia History, Geography, Economy and Important Events

Estonia's area has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BCE. The ancient Estonians became the last European prophet to adopt Christianity after the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century. After centuries of continuous rule by Germans, Dens, Svedes, oles, and Russians, a distinct Estonian national identity emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

It ended in independence from Russia after the brief war of 1920 at the end of World War I, initially democratic before the Great Depression, Estonia ruled authoritarian from 1934 during the Era of Silence. During World War II (1939–1945), Estonia was repeatedly fought and annexed by the Soviet Union and Germany, eventually annexed into the East. After the loss of its de facto independence to the Soviet Union, Estonia's de jure state continuity was protected by diplomatic representatives and government-in-exile. A peaceful singing revolution against Soviet rule started in 1987, resulting in real independence on 20 August 1991.

• Estonia, officially called the Republic of Estonia, is a country located in northern Europe.
• Estonia borders the Finland Gulf to the north, the Baltic Sea to the west, Latvia to the south, and Russia to the east.
• Estonia announced the restoration of independence on 20 August 1991.
• Estonia has a total area of ​​45,227 square kilometers (17,462 square miles).
• Estonian is the official language of Estonia.
• Estonia's currency is named Euro.
• Estonia had a total population of 1.3 million in 2016, according to the World Bank.
• With a population of only 1.4 million, Estonia is the least populated member of the European Union.
• Estonia's tallest mountain is Sur Munamägi, which has a height of 318 meters (1,043 ft).
• Estonia became the first country in the world to hold political elections on the Internet in 2005.
• Estonia became the first country in the world to provide e-residency in 2014.
• Estonian high school students were ranked third in the world after Singapore and Japan in the 2015 PISA test.
• Estonia was ranked third in the Press Freedom Index in 2007 and 2012.
• Estonia has been a member of the League of Nations since 22 September 1921, the United Nations since 17 September 1991, the European Union since 1 May 2004, and NATO since 29 March 2004.

• 02 February 1207 - Terra Mariana, comprising present-day Estonia and Latvia, was established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 24 February 1918 - The European country Estonia gained independence from Russia.
• 23 June 1919 - The Estonian War-Estonian soldiers of independence established the Pro-Jerman government near Sisus in Latvia four days later.
• 23 April 1919 - The Estonian Constituent Assembly began its first session.
• 02 February 1920 - The signing of the Treaty of Tartu ended the Estonian War ofIndependence, with Russia agreeing to recognize the independence of Estonia and renounce in perpetuity all rights to that territory.
• 12 March 1934 - Supported by the Estonian Army, Konstantin Päts staged a coup d'état, beginning the Era of Silence.
• 24 April 1938 - Kostantin Pats became Estonia's first president.
• 21 July 1940 - The Soviet Union occupied Estonia Latvia and Lithuania.
• 17 June 1940 - Three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania came under the possession of the Soviet Union. The Soviet suzerainty of the Baltic states covers the period of invasion and invasion in 1940 in 1941 from the Soviet-Baltic mutual support agreement in 1939.
• 09 March 1944 - World War II-As part of the Battle of Narva, the Soviet Air Forces heavily bombed Tallinn, Estonia, killing up to 800 people, mostlycivilians.