Lebanon History, Geography, Economy and Important Events

The history of the land of Lebanon begins with the Phoenic culture around 2500 BCE. After the conquest of Phenicia, it was made a satrap (kingdom) 539 years ago when Prince Kurosh (Sayus) of an empire in the Persian province of southern Iran went on a campaign to conquer the kingdom by defeating the kingdom of Assyria. After this, the Persians ruled it for some 200 years. After independence from France in 1943, there was a civil war and in 2006 a war with Israel. It is ruled by a special type of democratic government in which the President is a Christian, the Prime Minister is a Sunni Muslim, the Speaker of the House of Retired Representatives is a Shia Muslim and the Deputy Prime Minister is of a Greek traditionalist religion.

Lebanon is divided into four distinct physical regions, the coastal plain, the Lebanese mountain range, the Becca Valley and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, etc. Lebanon has a moderate Mediterranean climate. In coastal areas, winters are generally cold and rainy while summers are hot and humid. In high altitude areas, heavy snow cover during winter usually brings the temperature down to early summers on high mountains. Although much of Lebanon receives relatively large amounts of rainfall, when measured yearly compared to its arid environment, some of northeastern Lebanon's rain shadow formed by the high peaks of the western-eastern ranges Areas receive less rainfall.

The Lebanese constitution states that the economic system is independent and ensures private initiative and the right to private property. The Lebanese economy follows a laissez-faire model. Most of the economy has been converted into dollars, and the country has no restrictions on the movement of capital across its borders. The intervention of the Lebanese government in foreign trade is minimal. The Lebanese economy underwent a significant expansion after the 2006 war, with an average growth of 9.1% between 2007 and 2010. After 2011 the local economy was affected by the Syrian civil war, the period in 2017 increased by an average of 1.7% in 2011–2015 and 1.5% in 2017. In 2018, GDP size was estimated to be $ 54.1 billion.

Article 11 of the Lebanese constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law prescribes those matters. The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic, which is classified into a larger category called Levantine Arabic, while Modern standard Arabic is used mostly in magazines, newspapers and formal broadcast media. The Lebanese sign language is the language of the Deaf community. About 40% of Lebanese are considered Francophones, and another 15% are "partial Francophones", and Lebanon. 70% of the people of secondary schools of India use French as a second language of education.

Cyprus [M] , Israel [LM] , Syria [LM] ,
Definition of international border: L = Land Border | M = Maritime Border