Mexico History, Geography, Economy and Important Events

Mexico has the earliest human artifacts, chips of stone tools found near campfire remnants in the Valley of Mexico and circa-dated to circa 10,000 years ago. Mexico is a site dominated by corn, tomatoes, and legumes, which produced agricultural surpluses. This enabled the transition of Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers into sedentary agricultural villages starting around 5000 BCE. In the later epochs, maize cultivation and cultural traits, such as a mythological and religious complex, and a vigacimal (base 20) numerical system, were spread from Mexican cultures to the rest of the Mesoamerican culture region. In this period, the villages became dense in terms of population, socially stratified with an artisan class and developed into dominant ones. The most powerful rulers had religious and political power, orchestrating the creation of large formal centers developed.

Nearly all of Mexico is located in the North American Plate, with small portions of the Baja California Peninsula on the Pacific and Cocos plates. Geophysically, some geographers include the region of Isthmus of Tehuntepec (about 12% of the total) within Central America. However, with Canada and the United States, geographically, Mexico is considered part of North America as a whole. Mexico has a total area of ​​1,972,550 sq km, making it the 13th largest country in the world with a total area. It forms the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California as well as the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, the latter two parts of the Atlantic Ocean. There are approximately 6,000 km2 (2,317 sq mi) of islands within these seas (including the Far Pacific Guadalupe Islands and the Reviligado Islands). From its farthest land points, Mexico is a little over 2,000 miles (3,219 km) in length.

As of April 2018, Mexico has the 15th largest GDP (US $ 1.15 trillion) and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity (US $ 2.45 trillion). The annual average growth of GDP was 2.9% in 2016 and 2% in 2017. Agriculture comprises 4% of the economy over the last two decades, while industry contributes 33% (mostly automotive, oil and electronics) and services (especially financial services and services) tourism contribute 63%. Mexico's GDP per capita was US $ 18,714.05 in PPP. The World Bank reported in 2009 that the country's gross national income at market exchange rates was the second highest in Latin America, after Brazil at US $ 1,830.392 billion, leading to a per capita income of $ 15,311 in the region. Mexico is now firmly established as a high-middle-income country. After the 2001 recession, the country has recovered and increased by 4.2, 3.0 and 4.8 percent in 2004, 2005 and 2006, even though it is considered below Mexico's potential growth.

Spanish is the de facto national language spoken by the majority population, making Mexico the world's most populous Hispanophone country. Mexican Spanish refers to the varieties of language spoken in the country. As of writing, the Spanish Royal Academy serves as the primary guideline for spelling, except for words of Amerindian origin that retain their original phonology such as konjontal rather than cyanozont and Mexico not mezico.

Belize [LM] , Cuba [M] , Guatemala [LM] , Honduras [M] , United States of America [LM] ,
Definition of international border: L = Land Border | M = Maritime Border