Mongolia History, Geography, Economy and Important Events

Today what is known as Mongolia was once ruled by various nomadic kingdoms, these kingdoms included Shinognu, Xianbei, Rouran, Goturk and others. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. But after the fall of the Yuan dynasty, the Mongols returned to their old way of life. After which Mongolia came under the influence of Tibetan Buddhism in the 16th and 17th centuries. At the end of the 17th century much of Mongolia's territory was ruled by the Qing dynasty. Mongolia declared independence during the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, but had to struggle to establish independence by 1921 and gain international recognition by 1945. As a result, the country came under strong Russian and Soviet influence, the Mongolian People's Republic was declared in 1924 and Mongolia politically complied with the Soviet politics of the time. After the breakup of communist regimes in Eastern Europe in 1989, Mongolia witnessed a democratic revolution in 1990, which led to the establishment of a multi-party system, a new constitution was formed in 1992 and the country moved towards a market economy.

Mongolia is the 18th largest country in the world (after Iran). It is much larger than the next largest country, Peru. Mongolia's geography is diverse, with the Gobi Desert to the south and the cold, mountainous regions to the north and west. Mongolia is known as "Land of the Eternal Blue Sky" or "Country of Blue Sky" (Mongolian: "Monkh Khok Tangerine Iron"), as it has more than 250 sunny days a year. Throughout winter, Mongolia comes under the influence of the Siberian anticyclone. The areas most affected by this cold season are the province of Uves (Ulaingom), western Khovesgol (Rinchinhumbe), eastern Zavakhan (Toscotsengel), northern Bulgan (Hayag) and eastern Dorod province (Khalkhin Gol).

Economic activity in Mongolia has long been based on herring and agriculture, although the development of extensive mineral deposits of copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten and gold has emerged as a driver of industrial production. Apart from mining (21.8% of GDP) and agriculture (16% of GDP), the major industries in the composition of GDP are wholesale and retail trade and service, transportation and storage, and real estate activities. The gray economy is estimated to be at least one-third the size of the official economy. As of 2006, 68.4% of Mongolia's exports went to the PRC, and the PRC supplied 29.8% of Mongolia's imports.

Mongolia's official language is Mongolian, and is spoken by 95% of the population. Many dialects of Oraat and Buryat are spoken throughout the country, and there are also some speakers of the Mongolic Khamanigan. In the west of the country, both Ottoman languages, Kazakh and Tuvan, are also spoken. Mongolian sign language is the main language of the deaf community.

China [L] , Russia [L] ,
Definition of international border: L = Land Border | M = Maritime Border