Major diseases and affected parts of human body:

The change in the structure of any organ/appendage or decrease in its ability to function is called 'disease'. In other words, different parts of the body do not work properly. Genetic disorders, hormone imbalance, disease immune system not working properly are some of the factors that affect the health of human beings. Human diseases are often asked in SSC, UPSC and all other competitive exams, if you look, you can hardly find any question paper in which questions from human diseases have not come, in SSC always 1 to 2 questions about human diseases. It comes about, keeping this in mind, here we are getting general knowledge information based on the major diseases of the human body and its affected parts. Let us know about the major diseases of the human body and its affected parts: List of major diseases and affected parts of human body:

Disease name The name of the affected organ
Gout or rheumatism Joints
Arthritis is a chronic condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. Symptoms generally affect the hands, feet and wrists. Sometimes it can happen where the symptoms go from bad to worse, which is known as flare-ups or flares. Although it is difficult to predict flares, with the help of treatment, the number of these flares and joint damage caused by flares can be reduced in the long run.
Asthma Bronchial muscle
Asthma is the difficulty in breathing due to the inability of air to reach the lungs of a person. Due to asthma, he has many problems like shortness of breath, loud breathing, cough, shortness of breath, etc. Generally, the symptoms of asthma include shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, etc. All of these symptoms can fluctuate and in some cases people with asthma may not even know they have asthma because they do not have these symptoms.
Cataracts Eyes
Cataract, also known as white cataract, in which the natural transparent lens of the eye becomes cloudy. It is the most common cause of vision loss in people over the age of 40 and the leading cause of loss of vision or blindness in the world. Initially, cataracts have little effect on your vision. You may feel that your vision is getting blurry little by little, like looking at a blurred piece of glass or an impressionist painting.
Diabetes Pancreas, kidney, eyes
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over a long period of time. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased appetite. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to many complications. Acute complications may include diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, leg ulcers and damage to the eyes.
Diphtheria Throat
Rohini or Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease, which is more common in children between the ages of 2 and 10 years, although it can occur in all age groups. Its incubation period is from two to four days. The disease usually occurs in the throat and tonsils are also affected. The larynx, nostrils, eyes, and external genital organs may also be affected. This is actually an endemic disease, but the symptoms of blood poisoning appear due to the spread of the toxins produced by the bacteria in the body. Fever, anorexia, pain in the head and body are the results of the poison. They have a special harmful effect on the heart. In some patients, these cause death due to heart failure.
leprosy, eczema, ringworm Skin, nerves
Ringworm or ringworm is a skin inflammation caused by fungi of some particular species. These fungi belong to the genus Microsporon, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton or Taenia. Dudru disease attacks the body parts in many forms. In case of eczema, red patches on the skin, swelling, itching, the skin becomes cracked and rough. Blisters develop in some people.
Glaucoma, trachoma, night blindness, cataract, trachoma, cataract Eyes
Glass point disease, glaucoma or glaucoma is a disease of the eye. This disease gradually destroys the vision, causing serious and continuous damage to the system. Trachoma infection causes roughness on the inner surface of the eyelids. This roughness can cause eye pain, rupture of the outer surface of the eye or the cornea (the upper layer of the eyeball), and possibly blindness. Night blindness is a disease of the eyes. The patient of this disease can see well during the day, but at night he is not able to see the near objects properly. Cataract is a common disease of the eyes. Cataracts usually occur in people over the age of fifty-five, but young people are also not immune to it. Cataracts are the main cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts develop in 80 percent of people over the age of 60.
Goggle Thyroid gland
Goiter is a disease in which the throat becomes swollen. It occurs due to deficiency of iodine in the body. Iodine deficiency causes swelling of the thyroid gland. This disease often occurs in those areas where there is no iodine in the water. To compensate for the deficiency of iodine, it is often advised to use iodized salt.
Jaundice liver
There is a color called bilerubin in the blood, due to which the skin and mucous membranes get a yellow color. This condition is called kamala or jaundice. The excessive destruction of red particles in the blood and consequently the excess production of indirect bilirubin is the cause of diarrhoea in children, hematopoiesis in the newborn and other congenital, or acquired, blood-cell-destruction anaemia, etc.
leukemia Blood
Leukemia or leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. It is characterized by abnormal multigeneration (production by reproduction) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (white cells). Leukemia is a broad term that covers a wide range of diseases. In other words, it is also a widespread part of the group of diseases known as hematological tumors.
Malaria Spleen
Malaria is a carrier-borne infectious disease transmitted by protozoan parasites. It is mainly spread in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the continents of America, Asia and Africa. The carrier of the malaria parasite is the female Anopheles mosquito. On its bite, malaria parasites multiply by entering red blood cells, causing symptoms of anemia (dizziness, breathlessness, palpitations, etc.). Apart from this, non-specific symptoms such as fever, cold, nausea and cold-like sensation are also seen. In severe cases, the patient may go into unconsciousness and may even die.
Meningitis Brain and spinal cord
Meningitis or meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as in less common cases by certain medicines. Meningitis can be fatal because of this inflammation near the brain and spinal cord.
Otitis Ear
Otitis media (Latin) refers to inflammation of the middle ear or infection of the middle ear. This problem occurs in the area between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear along with a duct called the Eustachian tube. It is one of the two types of inflammation occurring in the ear, which is commonly known as earache.
Paralysis Nerves
Paralysis occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain suddenly stops or a blood vessel in the brain bursts and the space around brain cells fills with blood. Just as a person is said to have suffered a heart attack when there is a lack of blood supply to the heart, similarly when the blood flow to the brain decreases or there is sudden bleeding in the brain, it is said that the man has Has had a "brain attack".
Pneumonia, TB lungs
Pneumonia is a serious lung infection caused by bacteria in one or both lungs. This can cause difficulty in breathing, fever, cough and fatigue. Each year, approximately 3 million cases of pneumonia occur in the United States, and more than 500,000 of these cases are hospitalized. Tuberculosis, tuberculosis, tuberculosis, Mtb or TB (short for tubercle bacillus) is a common and in many cases fatal infectious disease caused by a variety of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs. But it can affect other parts of the body as well. It then spreads through the air.
Polio, athlete's foot Feet
Bahutrisha, also often referred to as polio or 'poliomyelitis', is a viral infectious disease that is usually transmitted from person to person through infected feces or food. It is also called 'Infantile Paralysis', 'Child paralysis', Poliomyelitis and 'Polioencephalitis'. It is a severe disease in children, in which degeneration occurs in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and the gray matter inside it and due to this motor paralysis occurs.
Scurvy, pyuria Teeth and gums
Pyorrhea is a gum disease caused by a bacterium called Ant amoeba gingivalis. There is a complaint of bad breath in the mouth and bleeding gums. Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. This vitamin is essential for the formation of collagen in humans. In this, rashes occur on the body especially the thighs and feet. As the disease progresses, the gums swell and then the teeth begin to fall out.
Sinusitis Inflammation of the sinus lining
Around the nose are spaces of moist air within the bones of the face, which are called 'vayuvevar' or sinus. The sinuses are covered by the same mucous membrane lining as the nose and mouth. When a person has colds and allergies, the sinus tissue makes more mucus and swells. The drainage system of the sinus becomes blocked and mucus can get trapped in this sinus. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses can grow there and cause alveolitis[1] or sinusitis.
Tonsillitis Tonsils
There are two almond-shaped glands on either side of the human palate, which we call the larynx, tonsils or tonsils. The disease of these glands is called tonsillitis. Inflammation of the tonsils is called Tonsillitis. Tonsils These are the lymph nodes adjacent to the back of the tongue on both sides inside the throat. Tonsils are a part of immunity in our body, which prevents dangerous bacteria and viruses from entering the body.
Typhoid, cholera, dysentery Intestines
Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi. Vicicular or colloquial cholera, also known as the Asian epidemic, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Dysentery is a disease of the digestive system characterized by severe diarrhea and blood and mucus in the stool. If it is not treated, it can even be fatal.
Rickets Bones
Rickets is a disease of the bones which usually occurs in children. The softening or weakening of bones in children is called rickets. As a result, the deformity leads to curvature of the legs and abnormal bends in the spine. This type of deformity is called osteomalacia in adults.
Tetanus, Leprosy, Rabies, Epilepsy, Polio Nervous system
Rabies is a viral disease that causes severe encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in humans and other warm-blooded animals. Initial symptoms may include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which the patient has recurrent seizures. Due to a disturbance in the brain, there is a problem of repeated seizures.
Hepatitis or jaundice Liver
There are 5 types of Hepatitis Virus – Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E and due to these, there is a burning and infection in the liver. Sometimes liver fibrosis due to hepatitis. Or the risk of liver cancer also increases.Hepatitis viruses sometimes spread through water as well.
Meningitis Brain
Meningitis or meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as in less common cases by certain medicines. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of this inflammation near the brain and spinal cord; And that is why this condition is classified as a medical emergency.
Mumps (goiter) Thyroid gland
Goitre, also known as "parotitis" mumps, is a chronic viral disease that causes the parotid gland to become painfully enlarged. These glands are located in the front and under the ear and produce saliva and sputum. Goitre is an infectious disease caused by a virus that is transmitted from person to person by contact with infected saliva. Children between the ages of 2 and 12 are most susceptible to infection. In people, in addition to the parotid gland, other glands such as the testicles, pancreas, and nervous system may also be involved. The time to develop the disease, that is, from the onset of symptoms to full development, is 12 to 24 days.
Cholera Intestine, esophagus
Vicicular or colloquial cholera, also known as the Asian epidemic, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through ingestion of food or water contaminated by this bacterium. Usually this contamination of water or food is done by a current patient of cholera. Until now it was believed that the reservoir of cholera itself was human, but there is ample evidence that aquatic environments can also serve as reservoirs of the bacterium.
Pleurisy Chest
Pleurisy or pleuritis is the inflammation of the pleura. This can cause severe pain in the chest while breathing.
Hooping cough The respiratory system
Whooping cough or whooping cough is a bacterial infection that initially affects the nose and throat. It most often affects the respiratory system of children under the age of 2. The disease is named on the basis that a person suffering from this disease makes a barking sound while breathing. It is caused by a bacterium called Bordetella pertusia.
Arthritis Joint swelling
Arthritis disease is a chronic condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. Symptoms generally affect the hands, feet and wrists. Sometimes it can happen where the symptoms go from bad to worse, which is known as flare-ups or flares.
Diphtheria Throat, windpipe
Rohini or Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease, which is more common in children between the ages of 2 and 10 years, although it can occur in all age groups. Its incubation period is from two to four days. The disease usually occurs in the throat and tonsils are also affected. The larynx, nostrils, eyes and external genital organs may also be affected.
Parkinson Brain
Parkinson's disease refers to a mental illness in which there are problems in the human body like shakiness, stiffness, difficulty in walking, balance and coordination etc. Parkinson's disease starts like a normal disease, which takes a serious form after some time.
Plague lungs, red blood cells
Taun or Plague is one of the oldest epidemics in the world. It has also been given names like Tauun, Black Death, Pest etc. It is primarily a disease of rodents (usually rats), caused by a bacterium called Pasteurella pestis. Man gets this disease through direct contact or flea bite. It progresses rapidly, the fever is high and the lymph glands are tolerable and swollen, there is a tendency to haemorrhage and sometimes it takes the form of pneumonia. Plague has been notorious for causing widespread destruction throughout history, and is still a plague epidemic in some parts of the world.
Hepatitis B Liver
Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that infects the liver of monkeys as well as humans, causing inflammation and irritation of the liver called hepatitis. Originally known as "serum hepatitis", the disease has caused epidemics in Asia and Africa and is an endemic in China.
Diarrhea large intestine
In diarrhoea, either frequent bowel movements have to be done or the stools are very thin or both conditions can occur. Thin stools, in which the water content is high, keep coming with a short interval of time.
Gonorrhea, white leucorrhoea Urinary tract
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which grows easily and rapidly in warm and wet areas of the reproductive tract in women and men. Its bacteria in the mouth, throat, eyes. And also grow in the anus.Like syphilis, this is also a contagious disease, so it happens to only those men and women who have sexual contact with a person suffering from this disease.
Have blisters Throat and mouth
Mouth ulcers are a common health problem. In most cases, they get better on their own in a few days. But many people are troubled by the frequent mouth ulcers. There is also a lot of pain in them and sometimes this problem becomes so severe that there is a problem in speaking and eating. Although people in the age group of 25-35 years are more prone to this problem, but it is not that anyone can have mouth ulcers at any age.
Meningitis Spinal cord and brain
Meningitis or meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as in less common cases by certain medicines.
Kala azar Blood, spleen and bone marrow
Kala-azar is a slowly developing indigenous disease caused by a unicellular parasite or genus Lismania. Post-kala-azar dermal lismaniasis (PKDL) is a condition in which lissmannia invades skin cells and develops while they are there. These are prepared in the form of dermal lysis. In many kala-azars PKDN appears after a few years of treatment.

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Diseases of Human Body FAQs:

Scurvy is a disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin C. It affects the teeth and gums.

Anemia can occur due to lack of vitamins in the body. Anemia is caused due to excessive iron deficiency in the body. A person may have anemia due to suffering from kidney disease. Chronic diseases such as diabetes, lupus, and infections can cause anemia.

If dust containing cadmium reaches the lungs, it can have a fatal effect on the liver and kidneys and not only can they be damaged but can also cause cancer. They can become weak when they reach the bones. Joint pain and even fractures can occur. Cadmium's effect on the kidneys is permanent.

Diphtheria is an infectious disease. This disease is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which mainly infects the throat and upper airways and affects the toxin and other organs. Another type of diphtheria affects the throat and sometimes the tonsils.

Measles, chicken pox, mumps, rabies disease is a viral infection caused by rubella virus. It is one of the most infectious creations in the world. It can spread very easily from person to person.

  Last update :  Wed 29 Mar 2023
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