Madhya Pradesh History, Geography, Economy, Polity and Districts

Through this chapter, we will know the detailed and important information of Madhya Pradesh, in which important and interesting information like history, geography, economy, education, culture and world famous tourist places located in the state have been added. Apart from this, the recent developments and changes in the state of Madhya Pradesh have also been explained in detail. This chapter is full of interesting facts for the competitive aspirants as well as the readers.

Quick General Knowledge

State Level	State
Capital	Bhopal
Statehood	1 November 1956
Largest City	Indore
Total Area	3,08,245 sq km
Districts	52
Current Chief Minister	Shivraj Singh Chauhan
Current Governor	Mangubhai C. Patel
State Bird	Indian paradise flycatche
State Flower	Palash
State Animal	Barasingha
State Tree	Banyan
Languages	Hindi
State Dance	Kathak, Tertali, Maanch, Matki, Aada, Khada Nach, Phulpati, Grida Dance, Selalarki, Selabhadoni and Jawara.

Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश)

Madhya Pradesh is a state located in the central part of the country. The capital of Madhya Pradesh is Bhopal. The largest city of the state is Indore. The state is bordered by Gujarat in the west, Uttar Pradesh in the north, Chhattisgarh in the east, Maharashtra in the south and Rajasthan in the north-west. The total area of Madhya Pradesh is 308,244 sq km sq km. Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in the country by area by 2000. Later on November 01, 2000, the state of Chhattisgarh was created by dividing Madhya Pradesh.

Madhya Pradesh History

The history of the state began in Paleolithic times. By 300–500 AD, most parts of India were ruled by the Gupta Empire. Muslims arrived in central India in the early 11th century, with Mahmud Ghazni being the first and Mohammed Ghori being the second, possessing the Delhi Sultanate. With the emergence of Marathas it became part of the Mughal Empire. Marathas continued to dominate central India until the death of Madhoji Scindia in 1794, but after that independent and small states came into existence. When the country became independent in 1947, the Central Province of British India and Madhya Pradesh were formed from Berar.

Madhya Pradesh Geography

Madhya Pradesh, located in central India, has a geographical location of 22.42 degrees in the north and 72.54 degrees in the east. Madhya Pradesh shares its borders with Rajasthan in the northwest, Uttar Pradesh in the north, Chhattisgarh in the east, Maharashtra in the south and Gujarat in the west. The highest peak in Madhya Pradesh is Dhupgarh, with a height of 1,350 meters (4,429 ft). The Narmada River is the most prominent and the longest river in Madhya Pradesh. Its tributaries include Banjar, Tawa, Machana, Sugar, Denwa and Sonbhadra rivers etc. The state flower of Madhya Pradesh is 'Lily'. The state bird of Madhya Pradesh is 'Asian Paradise Flycatcher'. The state tree of Madhya Pradesh is 'Banyan'. The state animal of Madhya Pradesh is the reindeer.

The forest area of Madhya Pradesh is 36,560 square miles as per the 2011 data, which is 30.72% of the total area of the state and 12.30% of the total forest area in the country.

The main types of soil found in the state are:

In Mahakaushal and South Bundelkhand: Black soil
In Baghelkhand region: red and yellow soil
In Northern Madhya Pradesh: Alluvial soil
In highland areas: laterite soils
In Gwalior and Chambal: Mixed soil

This state is a wildlife-rich state, Madhya Pradesh has the highest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, in which different types of wildlife are found. Kanha Kisali, Badhavgad, Pench Satpura, Rewa and fossils are the main ones in the national park of Madhya Pradesh. Among the sanctuaries are Chambal, Ken Karera, Dhatigaon, Palanpur Koono etc.

Madhya Pradesh Climate

Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate. There are three major seasons in this state, from November to February, the winter season is from March to May and the monsoon season from June to September. The average temperature during winter varies from 10 ° to 27 ° C. In summer, the temperature is very high, reaching an average of 29 degrees and a maximum of 48 degrees. The average temperature in the monsoon season is 19 to 30 degrees Celsius. Average annual rainfall in Madhya Pradesh is 1200 mm.

Madhya Pradesh Politics and Government

Like other states, the government of Madhya Pradesh is made up of executive, legislative and judiciary. The executive branch of the state is headed by the governor. The head of the state, like other states, is the governor. Madhya Pradesh has 230 + 1 (nominated by the Governor) Legislative Assembly seats. 40 members are sent from the state to the Parliament of India: 29 are elected to the Lok Sabha (lower house) and 11 to the Rajya Sabha (upper house).

The major political parties of the state are Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Congress and Bahujan Samaj Party.

The state is currently ruled by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The current Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh is Shivraj Singh Chauhan. The first person to become the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh was Ravi Shankar Shukla. He was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 01 November 1956.

The current Governor of Madhya Pradesh is Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel. Mangubhai has been sworn in as the Governor of Madhya Pradesh on 07 July 2021.

Madhya Pradesh Economy

The state's gross state domestic product (GSDP) was $ 84.27 billion in the year 2014-15. The per capita income of the people of Madhya Pradesh was $ 871,45 in the year 2013-14.

Madhya Pradesh Agriculture

Agriculture is the mainstay of the state's economy. About 60% of the state is cultivated. The main crops here are wheat, soybean, gram, sugarcane, jowar, rice, maize, cotton, mustard, mustard, pulses and groundnut. Madhya Pradesh is the largest soybean producer in India.

Madhya Pradesh Education System

The entire school education of Madhya Pradesh is divided into three levels - primary, secondary and higher. Literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh as per 2011 census was 70.60%, in which male literacy was 80.5% and female literacy was 60.0%. As per 2017 data, there are 114,418 primary and secondary schools, 3,851 high schools and 4,765 higher secondary schools in the state. There are 208 engineering and architecture colleges, 208 management institutes and 12 medical colleges in the state.

Madhya Pradesh Industries

Madhya Pradesh is rich in mineral resources. This state has the largest reserves of diamonds and copper in the country. Other major mineral deposits include coal, callused methane, manganese, and dolomite.

There are 6 Ordnance Factories in Madhya Pradesh, 4 of which are located in Jabalpur, one in Katni and one in Itarsi. These factories are run by the Ordnance Factories Board, which manufacture products for the Indian Armed Forces.

Madhya Pradesh Population

According to the 2011 census, Madhya Pradesh has a population of 72,626,809 crore. Which has a population of 37,612,306 males and 35,014,503 females. Madhya Pradesh is the sixth largest state in India by population. About 90.9% people in the state come from Hinduism, while others come from Muslim (6.6%), Jain (1%), Christian (0.3%), Buddhist (0.3%) and Sikh (0.2%) etc.

Madhya Pradesh Traditional Dresses

The dress of Madhya Pradesh is very simple and beautiful. Women in the state wear Kalidar Ghaghra, Lungda and Kachli sarees, Polka petticoats. Dhoti, kurta, turban, cap, dupatta, coat-paint, pajama, tie, shoes, socks, watch etc. are also used by men.

Madhya Pradesh Culture

Madhya Pradesh is noted for its classical and folk music. Congratulations in the main folk dance of the state, Rai, Saira, Javra, Sher, Akhara, Shaitan, Baredi, Karma, Sathi, Aga, Saila, Mouni, Dhimrai, Kanara, Bhagoria, Dashera, Dadriya, Duldul Mare, Lehgi Mare, Phaferia Mandalya , Danda, Ada-Khad, Dadel, Matki, Birha, Ahirai, Pardhauni, Wilma, Dadar and Kalas.

Local folk singing styles include Phag, Bharthari, Sanja Geet, Bhopa, Kalbeliya, Bhatt / Bhand / Charan, Vasadeva, Videsiya, Kalagi Turra, Nirgunia, Alha, Pandwani Gaon and Garba Garbi Gowalan.

The dress of Madhya Pradesh is very simple and beautiful. Women in the state wear Kalidar Ghaghra, Lungra and Kachli sarees, Polka petticoats. Dhoti, kurta, turban, cap, dupatta, coat-pant, pajamas, tie, shoes, socks, watches etc. are also used by the man.

Madhya Pradesh Offical Languages

The official language of Madhya Pradesh is Hindi. Many regional dialects are also spoken here including Malvi, Nimari, Bundeli, Bagheli, Telugu, Bhilodi (Bhili), Gondi, Korku, Kato (Nahali) and Nihali (Nahali) etc.

Madhya Pradesh Cuisines

Like other states, the cuisine of Madhya Pradesh has its own distinct taste. Some of the main dishes here are Poha Jalebi, Dal Bafla, Bhutte Keys, Bhopali Gosht Korma, Rogan Josh, Biryani Pilaf, Sikh Kabab, Chakki Ki Shak, Indouri Namkeen and Mawa Bati etc. are very popular.

Madhya Pradesh Festivals

The fairs can be called the panorama of the culture and colorful lifestyle of Madhya Pradesh. A unique and rare harmony of economic, social and cultural form is seen in these fairs. Most of these fairs are held during March, April and May.

Famous fairs of Madhya Pradesh include Simhastha, Ramleela fair, Heera Bhumiya fair, Pir Budhan fair, Nagaji fair, Tetaji fair, Jageshwari devi fair, Amarkantak fair Shivratri fair, Mahamrityunjaya fair, Chandi devi fair, Kaluji The Maharaj's Fair, Singaji's Fair, Dhamoni Urs, Barman's Fair and Math Ghoghara's Fair are included.

Festivals like Holi, Rakhbandhan, Dussehra, Deepawali and Eid etc. are celebrated in Madhya Pradesh.

Madhya Pradesh Tribes

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes constitute a major portion of the state's population. The tribal groups of the state mainly include Gond, Bhil, Baiga, Korku, Bhadia (or Bharia), Halba, Kaul, Mariya, Malto and Sahariya. Dhar, Jhabua, Mandla and Dindori districts make up more than 50% of the tribal population. Tribals comprise 30–50% of the population in Khargone, Chhindwara, Seoni, Sidhi, Singrauli and Shahdol districts.

Madhya Pradesh Tourist Places

Madhya Pradesh has a lot of historical and religious sites, which attract tourists. Three sites in the state have been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, including Khajuraho (1986), Sanchi Buddhist Monument (1989) and Bhimbetka's Rock Shelter (2003).

Other popular tourist destinations in the state are Bhedaghat, Bhimbetka, Bhojpur, Mandu, Kanha, Ajaygarh, Amarkantak, Asirgarh, Bandhavgarh, Bawangaja, Bhopal, Vidisha, Chanderi, Chitrakoot, Dhar, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Burhanpur, Maheshwar, Mandaleshwar, Mandu. , Omkareshwar, Orchha, Pachmarhi, Shivpuri, Sonagiri, Mandla and Ujjain.

Madhya Pradesh Districts

Madhya Pradesh state has a total of 52 districts, Jabalpur is the largest district in the state by population while Chhindwara is the largest district by area.

Madhya Pradesh has the following 52 districts: -

Anuppur, Alirajpur, Ashoknagar, Agar Malwa, Indore, Ujjain, Umaria, Katni, Khandwa, Khargone, Guna, Gwalior, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Jabalpur, Jhabua, Tikamgarh, Dindori, Datia, Damoh, Dewas, Dhar, Narsinghpur, Neemuch, Niwari , Panna, Barwani, Balaghat, Burhanpur, Betul, Bhind, Bhopal, Mandla, Mandsaur, Morena, Ratlam, Rajgarh, Raisen, Rewa, Vidisha, Shahdol, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Sheopur, Satna, Sagar, Singrauli, Seoni, Sidhi, Sehore , Harda and Hoshangabad.

Madhya Pradesh Developments

In currently the Gross State Domestic Product (GDP) of Madhya Pradesh for 2020-21 stood at Rs. 9.18 trillion. The state’s GDP grew at a CAGR (in rupee terms) of 11.14% between 2015-16 and 2020-21.
As of April 2021, Madhya Pradesh had a total installed power generation capacity of 25,489.32 MW, comprising 7,187.62 MW under state utilities, 7,326.09 MW under central utilities, and 10,975.61 MW under the private sector.
According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), cumulative FDI inflow in Madhya Pradesh was valued at US$ 282.29 million between October 2019 and March 2021.
Under the State Budget 2021-22, the government has allocated Rs. 1,237 crore for Magnificent MP Investment Attraction Scheme under the Department of Industrial Policy and Investment Promotion and Rs. 480 crore for industrialization infrastructure development.